Translation:



Grief and restlessness are among the most significant factors threatening mental health, and they have long been studied by researchers. This emotional reaction, which often arises in the face of life’s hardships and exhausting challenges, is sometimes regarded as a sign of weak faith, rejection of divine will, and inability to endure difficulties. Therefore, understanding the concept of jaz‘ (grief/restlessness) and its consequences is essential for promoting mental health and improving quality of life.



The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and a semantic approach, seeks to examine the semantic domain of the word jaz‘ in Nahj al-Balāgha. The findings indicate that Imam Ali (peace be upon him), while emphasizing patience and perseverance, also paid special attention to the concept of jaz‘ and divided it into two types: commendable and blameworthy. The word jaz‘ and its derivatives in Nahj al-Balāgha are used with diverse meanings such as lamentation and wailing, fear, endurance, and restlessness, with its most frequent usage being in the sense of restlessness. Moreover, this word appears in the axis of substitution with words such as wahil, ‘alaz, and dayq, and in the axis of semantic opposition with words such as ṣabr (patience) and iḥtimāl (forbearance). then