The concept of "citizenship" is one of the fundamental concepts in the political system of Islam.Although this concept is widely present in Islamic teachings,especially in the words of Imam Ali,it has yet to establish its rightful place in modern political and social thought.The rights of citizens,as mentioned in the words of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha,manifest in all areas of knowledge,economy,politics, culture, and society. It is obligatory for the Islamic ruler to strive to achieve citizens' rights as a prerequisite for comprehensive progress toward the desired material and spiritual development.These rights are presented in exchange for accepting the authority and sovereignty of the Islamic state over its citizens. Furthermore,citizens also have duties towards the Islamic state and the ruling system. The relationship between the ruler and the citizen is a two-way, interactive one; an aspect that distinguishes the citizenship rights system in Western and liberal systems from the citizenship rights system in the Islamic political system. This study, using descriptive and analytical methods and based on the teachings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him)in Nahj al-Balagha,aims to familiarize citizens with their rights and duties and examines the rights and duties of citizens in an Islamic society.